2025

In 1962, novelist William Melvin Kelley provided “a hip assist” to white New York Times readers by translating the black slang term “woke” as “well-informed, up-to-date.” Four decades later, singer-rapper-songwriter Erykah Badu revealed through her song “Master Teacher” that she “stay[s] woke,” and implored her audience to do the same. The early 2010s saw the

The paradox of tolerance, first outlined by Austrian-British philosopher Karl Popper, explains that the attractive glitter of universal tolerance may not actually be gold. The paradox suggests that if a society is truly tolerant of everything then it must also be tolerant of intolerance, introducing a slippery slope that could eventually see intolerance completely supplanting

There’s a reason cut-and-dried contests between good and evil occur more frequently in fairytales than reality. Such fantasies aren’t subject to humanity’s “absolute chaos of differences” that Hannah Arendt wrote political bodies seek to find common threads in. This chaos rarely allows for situations in which the good guys are always good and the bad